Audience | Behavior | Condition | Degree
| How do I write an instructional objective? | |
| Heinich and his colleagues (2002) suggest that well written objectives have four parts. They call these parts the ABCD's of instructional objectives. The A stands for Audience, the B represents Behavior, the C stands for Condition and the D for Degree of Accuracy. Each instructional objective is written in sentence format and should contain the A, B, C and D. Let's take a closer look at each of these. NOTE: The Heinich book has been revised by S. Smaldino, D. Lowther & J. Russell in 2007 yet continues to follow the ideas set forth earlier. | |
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| Audience |
The audience is learner(s) that the objective is written for. This is usually written "the learner" or "the student" however it could be written as specific as "The third grade science student". I suggest that "less is more". Make it simple so that the objective does not get too wordy. |
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The behavior is the verb that describes what the learner (audience) will be able to do after the instruction. This is the heart of the objective and MUST be measurable AND observable. In addition, these verbs MUST be specific. Verbs such as know, understand, comprehend, and appreciate are difficult to measure and are therefore not good choices for objectives. While there are many good verbs to choose from for instructional objectives, Heinich and his colleagues suggest The Helpful Hundred as a good place to start. |
| Condition |
Conditions are the circumstances under which the objectives must be completed. What will the instructor allow the student to use in order to complete the instruction? What equipment or tools can the student have access to such as a calculator, map, the book, class notes, etc? Obviously it would be much more difficult to make calculations without a calculator than with one. |
| Degree |
The degree identifies the standard that the learner must meet to reach acceptable performance. In other words, what degree of accuracy does the learner have to achieve in order that his/her performance be judged proficient? The degree of accuracy should be related to real-world expectations. Degree of accuracy can be related as a time limit (in 20 minutes), or a number of correct answers (7 out of 10) , or a range of accuracy (90%) or qualitative standard. |
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Read
more about the ABCDs of instructional objectives in Smaldino,
S. ,
Lowther, D. and Russell, J. (2007) Instructional
Media and Technologies for Learning, 9th Edition. Englewood Cliffs:
Prentice Hall, Inc. |
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Last
updated on 2/19/08
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Copyright 2002 by B. O'Bannon.
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